Head # Parotid and Submandibular salivary gland. Submandibular lump Oral / tongue ulcer Parotid lump Proptosis Carcinoma of maxillary sinus Facial lumps Retention cyst in the mouth Neck # Midline neck lump Goitre / solitary nodule Posterior triangle lump Suprasternal / supraclavicular lump CUP Cervical LN, Cervical rib Goitre / Solitary nodule Cystic hygroma
Short Case topics # Upper Limb # Axillary lumps Claw hand Dequervain’s Tenosynovitis Elbow lumps Forearm lumps Nerve injuries Wrist drop Wrist lumps ganglion Subungual lesions Lower Limb # AV malformation - popliteal fossa Bunion Buttock, thigh, and calf lumps CTEV (Congenital Talipes Equinovarus) Femoral hernia Foot ulcer Genu valgus Ingrowing toenail Knee lumps Neuropathic sole ulcer Slipped upper femoral epiphysis Neck # Anterior triangle lump (Carotid triangle / sternomastoid) Carotid body tumour CDH (Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia) Cervical rib Goitre / solitary nodule Midline neck lump Posterior triangle lump Submandibular lump Suprasternal / supraclavicular lump Chest and Abdominal Wall # Chest wall lesions Pancoast lump Vesicular eruptions of chest Abdominal mass Incisional hernia Inguinal hernia PUH (Paraumbilical Hernia) Hand and Wrist # Mallet finger Pointing index Tendon injuries Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture Wasting of small muscles Head and Face # Carcinoma of maxillary sinus Facial lumps Parotid lump Proptosis Retension cyst in the mouth Scalp lump - bony / soft Oral / tongue ulcer Breast and Trunk # Breast lump / gynaecomastia Hydradenitis Bone and Joint # Bone tumour Complicated fracture POP (Plaster of Paris) External fixator Myositis ossificans Osteosarcoma Amputation stump Halux valgus Skin and Soft Tissue # Bursae Cystic hygroma Dermoid cyst Digital gangrene Dry gangrene Hydradenitis Keloid / hypertrophic scar Lipoma Neurofibroma Sebaceous cyst Skin lesions - melanoma/squamous ca/basal cell ca Soft Tissue Sarcoma External angular lumps Vascular # False aneurysm Pseudoaneurysm / AVF Varicose veins Genitourinary # Penile CA (Carcinoma) Scrotal lump - Hydrocele, epididymal cyst Scrotal lump - spermatocele, varicocele, tumour Undescended testes Cryptorchidism
Often multiple lumps with smooth surface and spherical in shape with distinct irregular curve margins currosponding to the lobes. The “slipping sign” is not diagnostic.
A Hemispherical discharging nodule which grows upwards and outwards following a minor trauma. Initailly bright red, then become pale when it doubles in size just in few days.
Miscellaneous # AAA Young hypertensive
Hand # Pointing index Mallet finger Wasting of small muscles Wrist drop Wrist lumps ganglion Claw hand CTS De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis Principles of hand examination # Principles include includes inspection palpation Feel Move Range of movement Ease of movement Inspection invisible scars over common surgical sites contour of the hand discoloration and sinuses. Also check muscle wasting, Thenar eminence Hypothenar eminence dorsal side of hand the muscle bulk between metacarpal bones which is interosseous muscle Palpation. ...
Foot # Halux valgus Ingrowing toenail Bunion
Other ortho shortcases # Forearm lumps Tendon injuries - Achilles heel Myositis ossificans Nerve injuries Osteosarcoma / bone tumour POP cast Colles/ AK POP Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture External fixator Complicated fracture POP
Limb # Foot ulcer Amputation stump AV malformation popliteal fossa Neuropathic sole ulcer Varicose veins Digital gangrene / Dry gangrene Unilateral limb swelling Chronic limb ulcer Pseudoaneurysm / AVF
Neck # Anterior triangle lump (Carotid triangle / sternomastoid) Carotid body tumour